El Ascii Art o Arte Ascii, consiste en realizar dibujos con los caracteres ASCII (Código Americano Estándar de Intercambio de Información), y en la actualidad su uso ya es bastante conocido sobre todo en logos de compañias, blogs, foros y redes sociales como facebook utilizados como adornos.
Existen varias formas de realizar este Ascii-Art, por ejemplo:
Empezaremos por el algoritmo más sencillo, que es el Ascii Art de una imagen en blanco y negro.
¿Como funciona?
Cada 4 pixeles leidos, corresponden a un caracter ascii y estos seran unidos a una cadena de texto, cuando se llegue al final de una columna, debe agregarse un «salto de carro» (\n) y continuarse con la siguiente hilera.
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; /** * @web http://jc-mouse.blogspot.com/ * @author Mouse */ public class i2ascii { private int r,g,b; private Color color; private int umbral = 127; private int negro = -16777216; private int blanco = -1; private String ascii = ""; // los caracteres por los que se reemplazan los pixeles // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15=\ private String[] caracter = {"`","'","°",",",".","\"","_","[","]","J","7","P","L","8","/","" + (char) 92}; private BufferedImage foto; public i2ascii(){ try { //se carga una foto foto = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("jcmouse.jpg")); //foto = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("jcmouse.jpg")); //se convierte la foto en blanco y negro foto = set_Blanco_y_Negro_con_Umbral(foto); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(i2ascii.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } public String ConvertToAscii(){ BufferedImage f = foto; int x = f.getWidth(); int y = f.getHeight(); //se recorre la matriz de la imagen fila x fila de tres en tres for(int j=0;j<y ;j=j+3 ){ //se recorre la matriz de la imagen col x col de dos en dos for(int i=0;i<x;i=i+2 ){ if( (i < (x-1)) && (j < (y-1)) ){ //__ 0 //__ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[0]; continue; } //_X 1 //__ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[1]; continue; } //X_ 2 //__ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[2]; continue; } //__ 3 //X_ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[3]; continue; } //__ 4 //_X if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[4]; continue; } //XX 5 //__ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[5]; continue; } //__ 6 //XX if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[6]; continue; } //X_ 7 //X_ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[7]; continue; } //_X 8 //_X if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[8]; continue; } //_X 9 //XX if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[9]; continue; } //XX 10 //_X if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[10]; continue; } //XX 11 //X_ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[11]; continue; } //X_ 12 //XX if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[12]; continue; } //XX 13 //XX if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[13]; continue; } //_X 14 //X_ if( f.getRGB(i, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==blanco ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[14]; continue; } //X_ 15 //_X if( f.getRGB(i, j)==negro && f.getRGB(i+1, j)==blanco && f.getRGB(i, j+1)==blanco && f.getRGB(i+1, j+1)==negro ){ ascii = ascii + caracter[15]; continue; } }// fin si } //se concatena la fila resultante y se añade un salto de linea ascii = ascii + "\n"; } //se retorna la imagen transformada en ASCII return ascii; } //Metodo dado una imagen, la convierte en imagen en blanco y negro private BufferedImage set_Blanco_y_Negro_con_Umbral(BufferedImage f){ BufferedImage bn = new BufferedImage(f.getWidth(),f.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_BINARY); //se traspasan los colores Pixel a Pixel for(int i=0;i<f.getWidth();i++){ for(int j=0;j<f.getHeight();j++){ color = new Color(f.getRGB(i, j)); //se extraen los valores RGB r = color.getRed(); g = color.getGreen(); b = color.getBlue(); //dependiendo del valor del umbral, se van separando los // valores RGB a 0 y 255 r =(r>umbral)? 255: 0; g =(g>umbral)? 255: 0; b =(b>umbral)? 255: 0; bn.setRGB(i, j, new Color(r,g,b).getRGB()); } } return bn; } }
Implementar esta clase en una interfaz, es sencilla asi que no creo que sea necesario mostrar como se hace esto. Al ser este un algoritmo simple y utlizar imagenes en blanco y negro, las imagenes resultantes, tambien seran sencillas, es por eso que es mucho mejor utilizar esta tecnica Blanco/Negro en imagenes simples como logotipos o letras.
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Su uso tambien es valido en imagenes complejas como fotografias, aunque el resultado puede variar.
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